Index

–A–

Aberdeen Proving Ground, 34, 60, 331, 341, 362, 379, 385, 432

ammunition tests at, 346, 427, 438

artillery development projects at. 187-88

bomb tests at, 461-62, 472

Foreign Matériel Branch, 263-65

museum established at, 264

rockets and launchers, tests at, 358, 437, 444, 446

study of enemy equipment at, 261-67, 273-74, 350

study of Soviet equipment at, 274

study of technical intelligence reports at, 210-11, 213

synthetic rubber tires and tracks, test at, 503

tanks and tank engines, tests at, 210-11, 290-92, 294, 299-300, 318

training activities at, 100, 110, 122-34, 140-41, 146, 148, 150, 263

Accepted Schedules of Production, 55-56

Adams, L. H., 415-16

Affiliated Units, 10, 141-43, 146-47

Air Corps. See Army Air Forces.

Air Corps Board, 435-36

Air Force. See Army Air Forces.

Airborne Center, 319-20

Airborne Command

and airborne tank development, 318-20

modification of machine gun mounts for. 404

modified bazooka launcher requested by, 329

paracrate tests by, 322

Airborne equipment, 12, 317-18, 513

artillery, 317, 320-21, 411, 513

bazooka launcher. 329

machine gun mounts, 404-05

paracrates, 321-22

recoilless rifles, 229, 229n, 244, 330-31

tanks, 318-20, 513

trucks, 322-23

Aircraft armament

artillery, 432-36, 440-42

design, problems of, 422-23, 438-40

machine guns. 422-32

rockets, 436-38, 443-50

Alaska Highway, 503

Alexander, General Sir Harold R. L. C., 390

Allied Expeditionary Forces, 23-24, 179

Allis-Chalmers Company, 143

Allocation of plants, 50, 55-56, 76

Amatol Ordnance Depot, 61

American Automobile Association, 199

American Cyanamid Company, 360

American Designers Act, 35

American Forge Company, 58

American Iron and Steel Institute, 478, 483

American Locomotive Company, 78

American Roadbuilders Association, 143

American Society of Automotive Engineers. See Society of Automotive Engineers.

American Technical Mission to London, 269-70

Ammunition, 512. See also High explosives; Projectiles; Propellants.

artillery, 11, 24-25, 25n, 75, 174-75, 184, 347-49, 410, 481-82, 484, 486, 488-91, 494, 497. See also Artillery ammunition.

bombs, 75, 173, 451-74

developments during 1919-1940 period, 172-75

grenades, 213, 347, 357, 359, 368-69, 371, 386, 451

mines, 233, 257, 380-400

mortar, 3, 179, 333. 347-48, 363, 373, 517

packing of. See Preservative materials.

rockets, 213-14, 242n, 244, 328-30, 338, 347, 352-63, 402, 411. 413, 436-39, 443-50

small arms, 11, 75, 172-75, 348-50, 405-07, 405n, 428-32, 438, 480, 482-83, 488-89, 491-94, 507-08. See also Small arms ammunition.

special training, 428-30

storage and renovation of, 39, 60-64, 172-73. See

also Depots; Field Service.

Anglo-American Conservation Committee, 270-71

Anglo-American Tank Commission, 189

Anglo-French Purchasing Board, 66. See also Lend-lease.

Anniston Ordnance Depot, 81

Antiaircraft Board, 406-07

Antiaircraft Command, 405-06

Antiaircraft weapons

ammunition for, 402, 405-07, 414-16

artillery, 402, 407-11

design, problems of, 401-03

fire control and tracking devices for, 416-20

machine guns, 403-05

proximity fuzes, use in, 420-21

rockets. 402, 411-13

Appropriations, 16, 77

budgetary restrictions on research and development 1919-1940, 195, 204-08, 324-25

during World War I, 20-21, 20n

for educational orders, 35, 57-58

increase in, for arsenals, 324-25

June 1940-1945, 66-72, 77, 225

1919–June 1940, 30-31, 35, 40-52, 57-58, 64, 66, 195, 204-08, 324-25

Armor. See Armor plate; Body armor.

Armor plate, 374-79, 422, 484-85

Armored Board. See Armored Force Board.

Armored Command, 280

Armored Fighting Vehicles Meetings, 270

Armored Force, 5

on airborne tanks, 318

creation of, 189, 194, 201, 251

on fires in tanks, 293

and gas versus diesel tank engines, 296-98

and heavy tanks, 237, 278

and high-powered tank guns, 327

Armored Force Board, 236, 278, 297, 300, 318, 341, 390-92

Armories, 14-16, 17n. See also Arsenals; Harpers Ferry

Armory; Springfield Armory; individual arsenals by

name.

Armstrong, Brig. Gen. Donald, 108-10

Army Air Forces, 3-5; 50, 76n, 90, 141, 158-59, 173, 180, 214, 345-46, 401. See also Airborne equipment; Bombs; individual air forces by number.

aircraft armament for, 178, 233, 422-50

aircraft rockets for, 443-50

and guided missiles, 234

improved ammunition for, 405-07

Matériel Command, 435, 437, 444, 449, 462

ordnance service at air bases, 63

special training ammunition for, 428-30

and tank engine versus aircraft engine production, 203, 291. 291n

Army Air Forces Board, 468, 471

Army and Navy Munitions Board

Clearance Committee, for foreign orders, 76

and conservation of materials, 476n, 479, 487

machine tool surveys by, 56

mobilization plans of, 51

Army Desert Test Command. 503

Army Equipment Review Board, 517

Army Ground Forces, 3-5, 94, 158-59, 259, 351. 445

and airborne tanks, 318-20

on battle testing of new equipment, 286

on control of development of new and improved

weapons. 235-39, 284

Equipment Review Board, 238

establishment of, 4, 90-91, 235-36

and gyrostabilizers for tanks, 343

and heavy tank controversy with Ordnance, 236-39, 278, 280-86

on high-powered tank guns; 282, 327-28

improved ammunition for, 406-07

and mines, 384-86

and Ordnance unit training, 141, 144-46

on periscopes for tanks, 341

on self-propelled artillery, 238-39, 314-17

and tracks, 302-05

Army Industrial College, 29, 50

Army Ordnance Association, 37, 103

Army Service Forces, 4, 6, 105-06, 262, 385, 486

approval of Ordnance decentralization by, 118

Control Division, 94-95, 104, 118

establishment of, effect on Ordnance organization, 90-95, 114-20

influence on Ordnance civilian personnel policies, 158-61, 164-66, 168

influence on Ordnance replacement and unit training, 134-36, 141, 144-46

lack of Ordnance representation within, 94

Services of Supply redesignated ASF, 91n

and tank tracks, 302, 307-08

Army Supply Program, 67, 91, 493

Arnold, General Henry H., 454, 459

and 75-mm. aircraft gun, 436

improved machine gun requested by, 422

new type aircraft gun requested by, 433

protective armor for planes requested by, 422

Arsenals, 9, 23, 38. 43, 55, 57, 152, 161-62. See also

Armories; individual arsenals by name.

administrative organization of, 35-36

aid to private companies and individuals, 7, 17, 17n, 56, 56n

establishment of, 16

functions of, 6-7, 20-21, 36, 65, 118, 324

principle of interchangeability of parts adopted by, 15-16

production capacity of, 6-7, 57, 66, 324-25

reconditioning of machine tools stored at, 56

safety programs at, 161

supervision of, 87

Artillery, 16, 20n. See also Artillery ammunition;

Artillery weapons, US; Coast Artillery Corps; Field Artillery.

Artillery ammunition, 75. See also High explosives; Projectiles; Propellants.

adoption of French designs in World War I, 22, 24

conservation of strategic materials in, 481-82, 484, 486, 488-91, 494-98

development of, 174-75, 184, 346-73

for 40-mm. guns (Bofors), 410

steel cases for, 489-91; 494

system of interchangeable fuzes for, 173-74

Artillery Tropicalization Mission, 509

Artillery weapons, US, 11, 18, 46-47, 58, 74-75. For

foreign artillery weapons see individual countries name.

adoption of French designs in World War I, 22, 24

airborne, 320-21, 513

aircraft armament, use as. 432-36

antiaircraft weapons, use as, 401-03, 407-11

auxiliary flotation devices for artillery carriages, 313-14

“Columbiad,” 17

development projects, 1919-1940, 178-88

production lag during World War I, 21-25

self-propelled. See Self-propelled artillery.

Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170-72

3-inch gun, 180, 236, 238, 315, 341, 401, 413, 416

4.2-inch mortar, 347

4.5-inch gun, 316. 320

8-inch gun, 317, 320, 325-26

8-inch howitzer, 317, 320, 339

20-mm. gun (Hispano Suiza), 268, 433-35

22.8-mm. gun (.90-caliber gun), 433

27-mm. gun, 197

37-mm. gun, 177, 180, 182-86, 196-97, 201, 211, 215, 236, 259, 268, 316-17, 322, 340-41, 405, 407-08, 417, 432-33, 435, 440-41

40-mm. gun (Bofors), 248, 268, 315, 320-21, 408-11, 417

47-mm. gun, 185, 211

57-mm. gun, 185, 316

57-40-mm. gun, 229

60-mm. mortar, 322, 348, 371

73-mm. gun, 74, 179-80, 186, 236, 315-16, 325-27, 341, 411, 435-36, 441-42, 483

75-mm. howitzer, 180-82, 201, 321, 322, 371

75-mm. mortar, 179

76-mm. gun, 237, 316, 326-27, 347, 483

81-mm. mortar, 322

90-mm. gun, 229, 237-38, 280, 282, 315, 327-28, 413-16, 417-20, 483, 512

105-mm. gun, 237-38, 327, 416, 442

105-mm. howitzer, 180, 186-88, 237, 268, 315, 320-21, 327, 370-71, 442, 513

120-mm. gun, 325-26, 416, 419

155-mm. gun, 237-39, 316-17, 320, 325, 339

155-mm. howitzer, 238, 316-17, 320

240-mm. howitzer, 179, 180, 188, 317, 320, 325-26

914-mm. mortar (Little David), 3, 331-33, 347-48, 373, 517

Assistant Secretary of War, 32, 85

allocation of plants by, 55

and educational orders, 57

machine tool surveys by, 56

mobilization planning by, 51, 53-54

Associated Equipment Distributors, 143

Atlanta Ordnance Depot, 127, 144, 146

Atlas Powder Company, 360

Atomic warfare, 516. See also MANHATTAN Project.

Augusta Arsenal, 38, 60-61, 144

Automotive vehicles, 3-4, 11, 60, 203, 275-78, 325, 512. See also Flotation; Night lighting equipment;

Office Chief of Ordnance Detroit; Tires; individual items by name.

–B–

Bakelite Corporation, 428

Baldwin, Hanson W., 278

Baldwin Locomotive Company, 78

Ballistic Research Laboratory, 167n, 218-19, 223, 226, 264, 346, 349, 371

bomb sight development at, 443

University of Pennsylvania, Ballistic Research Laboratory Annex at, 226

Barnes, Brig. Gen. Gladeon M., 85, 88, 230, 234, 262. 454

and American Technical Mission to London, 269-70

appointed Chief, ‘Technical Division, 98

on battle trial of experimental matériel, 237, 243-44

on conservation of materials, 270, 477-78, 489, 497

as dominant figure in Ordnance research, 1938-1946, 220-25

and heavy tanks, 236-37, 280, 284

on mines and mine exploders, 385, 387, 390, 397

on rockets, 228, 402, 438, 445

on self-propelled artillery, 238, 316-17

and tank engines, 296-97

and 90-mm. gun, 327, 512

Barrels. See Gun barrels; Tapered bore guns.

Barron, Col. Morris K., 90

Baruch, Bernard, 96

Battelle Memorial Institute, 266-67

“Battlenecks,” 478n

Baxter, James Phinney, 230

Bazooka. See Rockets.

Beasley, William F., 198

Bell Telephone Laboratories, 420

Benicia Arsenal, 38

Binoculars, 334, 336-37

Birmingham Ordnance District, 482

Black Hills Ordnance Depot, 154

Board of Officers on the Development of Equipment

for Armored Divisions, 315

Board of Ordnance and Fortification, 21

Board of War and Ordnance, 14

Boards. See individual boards by name.

Boatwright, Brig. Gen. Walter P., 105, 111-12, 169n, 170n

Body armor, 379-80

Bofors. See Artillery weapons, US, 40-mm. gun.

Bomb Board, 452

Bomb disposal training, 147-49

Bombs, 75, 173. See also Bomb disposal training;

Guided missiles.

armor-piercing, 453, 455, 459, 466, 473

atomic. See MANHATTAN Project.

Azon, 458, 472-73, 472n

blockbuster, 7, 454, 466

bomb-handling equipment for air bases, 63

British, 452-55, 458-59, 462-64, 469-72

butterfly, 461

chemical, 259, 455-57, 468, 473

depth, 453, 463

developments to 1940, 451-53

fillings. See High explosives.

fragmentation, 453-55, 458-62

fuzes for, 457-59, 465-66, 470, 473-74

general-purpose, 453-56, 459, 466-67, 471-73

German, 453-54, 461, 464-65

glide, 458

Grand Slam, 471-72

incendiary, 259, 468, 472

Japanese, 461

large bomb development, 466-67, 470-73

napalm, 259

photoflash, 455, 468-69

pyrotechnic, 455, 468-70

semi-armor-piercing, 453, 455, 459, 466, 473

shaped charge, 467, 473

sights for, 233

stratosphere tests of, 470

Tallboy, 471-72

target identification, 455, 469-70

Bomford, Col. George, 17

Book of Standards, 34

Borden Mission, 243, 313, 516

Boston Procurement District, 105

Bouchier, Col., 394

Bradley, General of the Army Omar N., 280, 385

Brandt, Edgar, 213-14

Bricker, Col. Edwin D., 43

British Air Commission, 269

British Central Scientific Office, 267

British Eighth Army, 381

British matériel

bombs, 452-55, 458-59, 462-64, 469-72

flares, 469

mines and mine exploders, 382, 385-86, 389-90, 393, 395

rockets, 269, 352, 357, 402, 411-12, 437, 443-44

tapered bore guns, 348-49

2.95-inch gun (Vickers-Maxim), 180

British Ministry of Supply, 269

British Mud Committee, 271n

British Ordnance Board, 268, 270

British Purchasing Commission, 75-76, 318

British Royal Air Force, 453-54, 463, 470

British Supply Mission, 272

British Tank Commission, 78

British Tank Mission, 269

British War Office, 212, 269

Brown, John, 17n

Brown, Lewis H., 96

Browning, John, 407, 423

Bruce, Brig. Gen. Andrew D., 316

Buckner, Lt. Gen. Simon B., Jr., 457

Budd, E. G., Company, 359

Bullet jackets, clad-steel, 493-94

Bulletins, technical, 8-9

Bullitt, William C., 49

Buna-N (GR-N). See Conservation of materials, rubber.

Buna-S (GR-S). See Conservation of materials, rubber.

Bureau of the Budget, 69, 204, 207

Bureau of Ordnance. See Navy Department.

Bureau of Standards

and proximity fuze, 364

redesign of 60-mm. shell, 348

rocket design, 360

telescope prisms, 336

Burns, Maj. Gen. James H., 76, 95

Bush, Vannevar, 229n, 445

Butler, Col. Robert G., 269

Butyl (GR-I). See Conservation of materials, rubber.

–C–

Caliber Board. See Westervelt Board.

California Institute of Technology, 354, 413

Callan, Brig. Gen. Robert E., 169n, 170n

Camp Perry, Ohio, 139, 144-45

Camp Santa Anita, California, 135, 144, 144n

Camp Seeley, California, 503

Camp Shilo, Manitoba, Canada, 306, 377, 438, 503

Camp Sims, D.C., 358

Camp Sutton, North Carolina, 142-43

Campbell, Lt. Gen. Levin H., 94, 118-20, 145, 159-60. 258, 476, 486

appointed Chief of Ordnance, 88, 95

military career before becoming Chief of Ordnance, 85, 88-90, 95, 98-99

moves toward decentralization, 106, 108, 110, 112-14, 118

other organizational changes by, 100-105, 114-20, 134, 220

Canal defense lights, 272, 513. See also Night lighting equipment.

Cannon Suboffice, Industrial Service, 107

Capron, Lt. Col. Webster A., 169n

Carlson, Maj. R. E., 189

Carnegie Institution, 150

Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 364

Geophysics Laboratory, 424

Carney’s Point Plant, 162

Cartridge Case Committee, 490-91

Cartridge cases, steel. 480, 488-93

Case, J. I., Company, 143

Case, Brig. Gen. Rolland W., 98, 101-02

Catalogue of Enemy Ordnance Matériel, 267

Catalogue of Standard Ordnance Items, 267

Cavalry, 5. 22. 29, 46-47, 91, 178, 205, 430

mechanization of, 192-94, 202

and tank doctrine and policy, 189-203

Cavalry Board. 176-77

Chaffee, Brig. Gen. Adna R., 201

Charleston Ordnance Depot, 38, 62

Chavin, Brig. Gen. R. S., 116

Chemical Warfare Service, 120, 169, 205, 265

and bombs, 259, 452, 455-56, 468

and chemical shells, 371

Chennault, Maj. Gen. Claire L., 442

Chicago Procurement District, 36, 94

Chief of Staff, 4, 46, 79, 85, 177, 182, 185, 258

Christie, Walter, 199-200

Christmas, Brig. Gen. John K., 110-13, 296

Chrysler Corporation

and mine exploders, 393

and tank engines, 227, 293-96, 299

Chrysler Tank Arsenal. See Office Chief of Ordnance Detroit.

Civil Service Commission, 153-54, 156-57

Civil War, 11, 11n, 16-19

Civil Works Administration, 43

Civilian Advisory Council, 134

Coast Artillery Board, 398

Coast Artillery Corps, 5, 16, 20n, 21, 25, 46, 91, 205-06, 394, 396

on antiaircraft artillery, 180, 413

on fire control devices, 343-44

and machine gun development, 178, 403

and Westervelt Board, 169, 169n

Codd, Lt. Col. Leo A., 103

Coffey, Col. John NI., 267

Colby, Col. Joseph M., 502

Cold weather tests

on Alaska Highway, 503

at Camp Shilo, Canada, 306, 377, 438, 503

at Fort Churchill, Canada, 340

at Mount Auconquilcha, Chile, 438

Colt, Samuel, 17

Colt Patent Fire Arms Company, 178, 407, 422-23

“Columbiad,” 17

Columbus General Supply Depot, 38

Combat car. See Tanks, light.

Combat vehicles. See individual items by name.

Combined Chiefs of Staff, 272, 365

Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee

(CIOS), 263, 352. See also Intelligence, technical.

Commissary General of Military Stores, 14

Commissary General of Ordnance, 16

Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, 232

Compton, Kaufman T., 134n

Conservation of materials, 218

aluminum, 426, 479, 495-98

Anglo-American Conservation Committee, 270-71

beginnings of program for, 476-79

chlorine, 479

copper, 479. 486-94

early neglect of, 475-76

optical glass, 334-35

plastics, 335, 426, 496, 508-09

preservative materials and packaging, 8, 505-10

rayon tire cord, 504

rubber, 307-08, 310-11, 479, 498-505, 514

silk, 479

steel, 479-86

tungsten, 482-83, 514

zinc, 479

Continental Army, 14

Continental Congress, 14

Continental Motors Corporation, 290-91, 298

Control Branch, Ordnance, 103-04

Control Bureau, Ordnance, 26

Controlled Materials Plan, 99

Corps of Engineers. See Engineers, Corps of.

Corrosion-prevention materials. See Preservative materials.

Council of National Defense, Advisory Committee of, 24, 25n

Coupland, Brig. Gen. Richard C., 234

Craig, General Malin, 177

Crain, Brig. Gen. James K., 87-88, 90

Crane Company, 424

Crawford, Group Captain Charles, 453

Crawford, Ivan C., 134n

Crowell, Brig. Gen. Benedict, 59, 157, 157n

Crowell Committee

on civilian personnel policy, 157

on educational orders, 59

Crozier, Brig. Gen. William B., 20-22, 25-26, 29

Curtis Bay Ordnance Depot, 38, 61-62, 64

–D–

Danforth, Brig. Gen. Charles H., 203

Danish matériel, 433

Davies, Col. Clarence E., 103-04

Davis, Dwight F., 50n, 57

Davis, Jefferson, 19

Davis, Col. Merle H., 105

Dean, Brig. Gen. William F.. 280

DeCamp, Maj. George W., 159

Defense Aid. See Lend-lease.

Defense Aid Requirements Committee, 77

Del Campo, Maj. A. R., 140

Delalande, Maj. Pierre, 382

Delaware Ordnance Depot. 38, 61-63

Denver Ordnance Plant, 490, 492

Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, 384, 507

Depots. See also individual depots by name.

administration of, 35, 38-39, 87, 99, 113-14

construction of, during World War 11, 63-65, 80-82, 90. 113

construction of, following World War I, 37-38

during World War I, 37

effects of lend-lease on, 80-82

functions of, 8, 20, 36-39, 59-64, 113, 161

motor supply depots transferred from Quartermaster. 8, 113

safety programs at, 161

schools and unit training centers at, 38-39, 126-27, 144

Des Moines Ordnance Plant, 431

Desert Warfare Board, 296, 339

Detroit Procurement District, 105

Devers, Lt. Gen. Jacob L., 280, 296-97, 307, 362, 390

Dewey, John, 517

Dillard, Col. James B., 169n

Directors, electric, 419-20, 515. See also Fire-control and tracking devices.

District offices. See also individual offices by name.

administrative organization of, 37, 87, 105-06

closing of, after World War I, 36

establishment of, 6, 26-27

functions of, 6, 54-57, 65, 87, 118

machine tool surveys by, 56

number of employees at, 152

re-establishment of, in 1922, 34, 36-37, 55

supervision of, 87

Division of Purchase, Storage and Traffic, 23

Doherty, Robert E., 134n, 150

Doolittle, Maj. Gen. James H., 457

Douglas Aircraft Company, 441

Dover Air Base, 449

Drewry, Col. Guy H., 105

Du Pont Company, 162, 173, 352, 360, 367

Duffy, Lt. Col. Irving A., 105

Duke University, 428

DUKW, 227-28, 227n, 312-13

During, William, 497

–E–

Eastman Kodak Company, 419

Eddy, Col. George G., 362, 393

Eddy Mission, 393, 516

Educational orders, 65

appropriations for, 35, 57-58

Crowell Committee on. 59

and Educational Orders Act of 1938, 31, 57-58

expediting of, 35

twenty-year campaign for, 21n, 57-59

Eglin Field, Florida, 435, 437, 442, 445, 449

Eighth Air Force, 437

Eighth Army, British, 381

Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D., 327, 366

Ellett, Alexander H., 363

Enemy Equipment Intelligence Teams, 262-65. See

also Intelligence, technical.

Engineer Board, 381, 386, 390, 507

Engineers, Corps of, 16, 21, 25, 180, 205, 513

and mine exploders, 388, 390

and mines, 257, 381-85

responsibility for low-speed commercial tractors. 235

width and weight limitations imposed by, 194-96. 235, 278

Ennis, Brig. Gen. William P., 169n

Erie Ordnance Depot, 64

Erie Proving Ground, 38, 144, 442

Eskridge, Col. Oliver S., 198

ETOUSA, Ordnance Section, 268. 270

Evansville Ordnance Plant, 492

Expenditure Program, 67

Explosives. See High explosives; Propellants.

Extended end connectors, 302-04

–F–

Fairchild, Maj. Cameron, 428

Fairless, Benjamin F., 96

Faymonville, Maj. Philip R., 208

Feltman, Samuel, 269

Ferrous Metallurgical Advisory Committee, 232, 378

Field Artillery. 5, 16, 20n. 21, 29, 46-47, 91, 205-06

and artillery development, 179-82, 185-87

self-propelled artillery, lack of interest in, 203-04, 314

and Westervelt Board, 169, 169n

Field Artillery Board, 182. 186-87, 322, 337-38

Field Director of Ammunition Plants, 96, 106-07

Field Service, 31, 45-46, 51

effects of lend-lease on, 80-82

establishment of, 20, 23, 29, 59

Field Service School, 61, 122-23, 128

Field Service Zones, 96, 113-14

functions of, 8-9, 19-20, 34-35, 37-39, 59-64, 84, 87, 101-03, 161, 243, 506-07

organization of, 34-35, 84, 87, 90, 96, 99, 114-17, 160-61

safety programs, 161

Filters, for optical devices, 339-40

Fire control and tracking devices, 333-34

for armored vehicles, 340-43, 515

bazooka sights, 338

binoculars, 334-37

directors, electric, 419-20, 515

filters, antiglare, 339-40

gyrostabilizers, 342-43, 515

Kerrison predictors, 408, 417

lens coatings, 339-40

night lighting, 339

optical glass shortage, 334-35

range finders, 337-38, 419

remote control systems, 417-19

for seacoast defense batteries, 343-45

telescopes. 334-37, 340-42, 419

tracking devices for antiaircraft weapons, 402, 416-20

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 410

Fiscal Division, 103

Flares, 468

Flemming. Arthur S.. 157n

Flotation

auxiliary devices for artillery carriages, 313-14

tracked vehicles, 301-10

wheeled vehicles, 310-13

Ford Motor Company, 298-301

Foreign matériel. See individual countries by name.

Forest Products Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, 384, 507

Fort Bliss, Texas, 60

Fort Bragg, North Carolina, 188

Fort Churchill, Canada, 340

Fort Crook Ordnance Depot, 144

Fort Eustis, Virginia, 192, 202

Fowler, Neil A., 506

Frankford Arsenal, 331, 479

ammunition development at, 95, 348, 406, 427, 430

basic research in metallurgy and explosives at, 218-19, 483

civilian employees at, 152, 162-63, 165

mission of, 7, 16, 36

and optical and fire control devices, 36, 337-38, 407, 417

and steel cartridge cases, 492-93

study of enemy equipment at, 264-66

training programs at, 162-63

French matériel

adoption of French designs in World War I, 22, 24, 28

20-mm. gun, 433

25-mm. gun, 183

75-mm. gun, 24, 179

105-mm. howitzer, 24

155-mm. howitzer, 75

Frye, Maj. John H., 477

Fungus-prevention materials. See Preservative materials.

Fuzes

artillery, 173-74, 361-66, 402, 410

bomb, 457-59, 465, 496

concrete-piercing, 362, 373

mine, 381-84, 386-87

mortar, 496-97

proximity (VT), 218-20, 233, 235. 273, 363-66, 402, 420-21, 445-46, 465-66, 473, 511, 516

rocket, 362-63, 445

use of plastics in, 496-97

–G–

Gages, 17, 19, 24n, 60, 107

Garand, John C., 175-76

Gatling gun, 18

Gavotti, Lt., 451

General Motors Corporation

Frigidaire Division, 424-25, 439

Oldsmobile Division, 440

Overseas Operations, report on spare parts by, 101

Proving Ground, 299

and tank engines, 291-93, 299

General Office, 33, 84, 87

General Staff. See War Department General Staff.

General Staff College, 32

Geneva Convention, and employment of POW’s at

depots, 154

Gerber, Col. Theodore C., 107

Gerlich, Hermann, 348

German matériel, 13

bombs, 346, 453-54, 461, 464-65

German Army ordnance research and development, 246-56, 346-47

guided missiles, 12, 234, 346, 415, 511

mines, 257, 380-87, 393, 395-96

mortars, 346-47

rockets, 234, 346, 437-38, 516

Russo-German research collaboration, 249-50

tanks, 250-56, 252n, 278-86, 328, 514

tapered bore guns, 229, 328, 348-50

20-mm. gun, 232, 281, 411, 433

37-mm. and 47-mm. guns, 182-83, 210-11, 215, 252, 281

50-mm. to 80-mm. guns, 183, 210, 281

75-mm. gun, 236, 252

75/55-mm. gun, 273

88-mm. gun, 201. 236, 247, 273, 328, 414-15, 415n, 512

105-mm. howitzer, 186

128-mm. cannon, 328

150-mm. gun, 328

80-cm. gun (Gustav), 331-33

Giles, Maj. Gen. Barney M., 448

Glancy, Brig. Gen. A. R., 110-11

Goddard, Robert H., 356

Government-owned contractor-operated (GOCO)

plants, 6-7, 106-07, 162

Greathouse, G. A., 506

Green, Samuel G., 178

Grenade mine, British Hawkins, 386

Grenades, 213, 347. 357, 359, 368-69, 371, 451

Gross, Paul, 428

Grousers, 303-04

Guderian, Generalmajor Heinz, 250, 284

Guided missiles, 258

confusion over development responsibility for, 234-35, 458n

German, 12, 234, 346, 415, 511

Gun barrels. See also Tapered bore guns.

erosion, 229, 325, 328, 348, 402, 414-15, 423-25. 427

rifling, 269, 325, 346-47

Gun motor carriages. See Self-propelled artillery.

Gyrostabilizers, 342-43, 515

–H–

Haider, Generaloberst Franz, 247

Hale, George C., 367

Half-track vehicles, 203-04, 297, 405, 410-11. See also

individual vehicles by name.

Hammond, Harry P., 134n

Harding, Warren G., 30

Harmon, Maj. Gen. Millard F., 444

Harpers Ferry Armory, 14-16

Harris, Air Marshal Arthur T., 463

Harris, Maj. Gen. Charles T., 52, 57, 84-88, 93, 98

Harris Board, 118-19

Hatcher, Col. James L., 90

Hatcher, Brig. Gen. Julian S., 98, 100, 114, 116, 122-24, 129, 134, 134n, 175

Hauseman, Col. David N., 105

Hawaiian Ordnance Depot, 38, 62, 152

Hayes, Maj. Gen. Thomas J., 98-99

Heintz Manufacturing Company, 404

Helmets, 379-80

Hercules Powder Company, 351-54, 360

Hickman, Clarence N., 354, 356-58

High explosives. See also Mohaupt, Henri; Propellants;

Shaped charge.

aluminized, 368, 463-64

amatol, 366, 452-53, 464

ednatol, 367, 463-64

Explosive D, 367, 464

haleite (EDNA), 366-68

pentolite, 367-69

PETN, 366-68

picratol, 464

PTX-2, 368

RDX, 366-68, 463-64

ternary mixtures, 368

TNT, 75, 366-68, 452-53, 463-64

torpex, 463

use of, in shells and bombs, 366-70, 452-53, 462-64

High Standard Company, 424-25

Himmler, Heinrich, 256

Hitler, Adolph, 253, 256

Hodges, Lt. Gen. Courtney H., 317

Hoe. R., and Company. 58

Hof, Maj. Gen. Samuel, 40

Holabird Ordnance Depot, 127, 144

Hollow charge. See Shaped charge.

Holly, Brig. Gen. Joseph A., 327

Hopkins, Harry L., 95

Hopkins, Nevil Monroe, 213-14

Howard, Col. Graeme K., 111

Howitzers. See Artillery weapons, US; foreign countries by name.

Hubble, Edwin, 226

Huebner, Brig. Gen. Clarence R., 134

Hughes, Maj. Gen. Everett S., 87, 90, 118-19

HVAR, 448-50. See also Rockets.

Hypervelocity, 229, 326-28, 348-50, 414-16, 426-27. See also Projectiles; Propellants; Tapered bore guns.

–I–

Indians, employment of at Ordnance depots, 154

Industrial mobilization plans

educational orders, 21n, 31, 35, 57-59, 65

effects of defense aid on, 75-80

1919-June 1940, 28-29, 35-36, 50-57, 65-67

1937 Protective Mobilization Plan (PMP), 53-54

Industrial Service. See also Manufacturing Service.

functions of, 6-8, 33-37, 84-87, 101-03, 221-23, 506-07

Manufacturing Service renamed Industrial Service, 35

organization of. 85-90, 96-99, 101-03, 114

packaging methods, development by, 8, 506-07

suboffices, 106-13. 311

Industry integration committees, 232, 490-91

“Industry-Ordnance Team,” 11

Infantry, 5, 22, 29. 46, 48, 91

and machine guns, 178

and mines, 385-86

peacetime Ordnance research projects for, 205-06

and semiautomatic rifle, 59

and tanks, 189-94, 198-99, 201-02

and 37-mm. gun, 182-85, 259

Infantry Board, 22, 29, 176-77, 196, 338, 381, 386

Infra-red rays. See Night lighting equipment.

Inspection Gage Suboffice, Industrial Service, 107. See also Gages.

Inspection of matériel, 14, 107. See also Gages.

Inspector General, The, 47, 61, 146

Inspectors, training of, 6, 36

Intelligence, technical, 17, 24n, 28, 28n. See also

Spanish Civil War.

Catalogue of Enemy Ordnance Matériel, 267

Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee (CIOS), 263, 352

December 1941-1945, 261-74, 454

Enemy Equipment Intelligence Teams, 262-65

establishment of Military Intelligence Section in Ordnance, 260-61

exchange of, with USSR, 273-74

Joint Intelligence Committee, 273

1919–December 1941, 32, 46, 169, 182, 185-86, 208-15, 259-61, 267-69

Ordnance Technical Intelligence Units, 239, 273-74

International aid. See Lend-lease.

International Aid Division, 104-05. See also Lend-lease.

International Harvester Company, 143

Italian matériel, 246, 411

Italian Service Units, employment at Ordnance

installations, 154

“J” programs, 163-65, 168

–J–

Japanese matériel, 246, 387-88, 396, 461

Jarrett, Lt. Col. George B., 264

Job Instructor Training. See “J” programs.

Job Methods Training. See “J” programs.

Job Relations Training. See “J” programs.

John Deere Company, 143, 390

Johnson, J. E., 134n

Johnson, Louis, 56-57, 59

Johnson, Thomas H., 226

Joint Aircraft Committee, subcommittee on aircraft

bombs, 453, 455, 457, 459

Joint Army-Navy Ammunition Storage Board, 397

Joint Army-Navy Research and Development Board, 231

Joint British-American Committee on Aircraft Ordnance and Armament, 463

Joint Intelligence Committee, 273. See also Intelligence, technical.

Jungle Warfare Mission. See Borden Mission.

–K–

Kane, Maj. Thomas J., 148

Keeper of Military Stores, 14

Keller, K. T., 96

Kelly, Col. Paul C., 135-36

Kenney, Brig. Gen. George C., 461

Kenny, Maj. Norris G., 477

Kerrison, Col. K. E., 417

Kerrison predictors. 408, 417

Kessenich, Gregory J., 357

King, Col. David M., 42

Kirk, Brig. Gen. James, 492

Knudsen, William S., 59, 489-90

Kochevar, Maj. John H.. 404

Kutz, Brig. Gen. Harry R., 98, 125, 134n, 150

–L–

Lake City Ordnance Plant, 490

Lamson Corporation, 389

Larned, Col. William E., 163

Lauritsen, Charles C., 354, 411-13

Legal Division, 103, 105

Lemon, Lt. Col. Burton J., 502

Lend-lease

effect of, on Field Service, 80-82

foreign orders for munitions, 1938-June 1940, 65-67

June 1940-1945, 67-82, 104-05

shipment of Ordnance “surplus” after Dunkerque, 72-75

Lens coatings for optical devices, 339-40

Letterkenny Ordnance Depot, 144

Lewis, Brig. Gen. Burton O., 85, 88-90, 93, 95, 103-05

Lewis guns, 21. See also Machine guns.

Liddell Hart, B. H., 196

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 66-67

Lovett, Robert A., 454

Lowell Ordnance Plant, 492

Lutes, Maj. Gen. LeRoy, 116

–M–

MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas, 176, 192-93

MacGregor, Col. Stephen, 90

Machine guns, 18, 74, 229

as aircraft armament, 178, 422-27, 439

ammunition for, 405-07, 428-32, 438

as antiaircraft weapons, 403-05

barrel liners for, 416

conservation of steel in, 483-84

high altitude tests of, 438-39

increase in rate of fire, 402-03, 416, 422-26

Lewis, 21

metallic belt links for, 426

mounts for, 178, 321, 403-04

multiple machine gun carriages, 404-05

submachine guns, 201, 512-14

as tank armament, 178, 196-98, 201

Machine tools, 6, 15-17, 65-66

foreign requests for, 77

shortages of, 56, 76, 217

storage of, 36, 57, 60

surveys of, 56

Maintenance, 8-9, 19-20, 34, 60. See also Field Service; Spare parts.

Maintenance Division, 34, 60. See also Field Service.

MANHATTAN Project, 12, 218, 258, 516

Manuals, technical, 8-9

Manufacturing Service. See also Industrial Service.

functions of, 33-37

renamed Industrial Service in 1938, 35

March, General Peyton C., 169

Marksmanship training. See Training, military.

Marmon-Herrington Company, 318

Marshall, General of the Army George C., 34, 66, 73, 91, 185, 234, 238, 259, 261, 359, 385

Martin, Sgt. Hugh E., 129

Materials shortages. See Conservation of materials.

Matériel, foreign. See individual countries by name.

Matériel Command, AAF. See Army Air Forces.

Mayer, Joseph E., 226

McFarland, Brig. Gen. Earl, 84, 87-88, 98

McMahon, Col. Fred A., 105, 116

McNair, Lt. Gen. Lesley J.

on battle testing of equipment, 242-43

and mines, 381, 385

and self-propelled artillery, 238

and tanks, 236-37, 280

McNarney, Lt. Gen. Joseph T., 516

McShane, Edward J., 226

Medical Department, 25

Metallic belt links. See Machine guns.

“Metalurgency,” 478n

Metropolitan Museum of Art, 379

Mexican War, 20, 20n

Middletown Ordnance Depot, 61

Miles, Col. Francis H. Jr., 161

Military Appropriation Act of 1940, 67

Military Intelligence Division, WDGS. See War Department General Staff.

Military Plans and Training Service, 100, 116-17

Military Training Division. See Military Plans and Training Service.

Milwaukee Ordnance Plant, 492

Mine exploders, 387-94

Mines

antipersonnel, 380-87

antitank, 257, 380-87

British mines and mine exploders, 382, 385-86, 389-90, 393, 395

controlled underwater, 233, 394-400

German, 257, 380-87, 393, 395-96

Japanese, 387-88, 396

Minton, Brig. Gen. Hugh C., 84, 94, 105, 307

Mississippi Ordnance Plant, 144

Mitchell, Brig. Gen. William L., 401

Mobility of ground weapons, 12, 275-323

Mobilization plans. See Industrial mobilization plans.

Mobilization Training Programs

MTP 9-1, 132-34

MTP 9-2, 139-40

MTP 9-3, 139-41

MTP 9-4, 139-40

MTP 21-3, 138

Mohaupt explosive. See Mohaupt, Henri; Shaped charge.

Mohaupt, Henri, 212-14, 357

Moisture-vaporproof materials. See Preservative materials.

Moore, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 316

Moore, Lt. Col. Thomas, 103

Moore, Col. Wiley T., 357

Morgan, Maj. Clyde, 233

Morgan Ordnance Depot, 61

Mortars, 74, 363

4.2-inch mortar, 347

73-mm. mortar, 179

81-mm. mortar, 322

914-mm. mortar (Little David), 3, 331-33, 347-48, 373, 517

Motor Transport Service. See Quartermaster Corps.

Motor vehicles. See Automotive vehicles; individual vehicles by name.

Mount Auconquilcha, Chile, 438

Mount Rainier Ordnance Depot, 127, 144

Mud sleds, 314

Munitions Assignments Board, 95

Munitions Board, Army and Navy. See Army and Navy Munitions Board.

Munitions Board, Ordnance Department. See Ordnance Munitions Board.

Munroe effect. See Shaped charge.

Muroc Army Air Base, California, 449, 470

Muskets, 14. See also Rifles.

Muzzle velocity, increase of, 326-28. See also Hypervelocity.

–N–

Nansemond Ordnance Depot. 38, 62, 144

National Academy of Sciences, 218, 231

National Automobile Dealers Association, 142-43

National Defense Act of 1916, 21n, 24n

National Defense Act of 1920, 30, 32, 45, 50-51, 189, 195, 203

National Defense Advisory Committee, 76

National Defense Research Committee, 219, 221, 223

and bombs, 467, 469, 473

controversy with Ordnance over development projects, 226-31, 266

creation of, 218, 363

and gun barrel erosion, 229, 415-16. 424

and high explosives, 367-68, 370

hypervelocity study by, 229-30, 348, 350, 372, 427

London branch of, 267

and mine exploders, 388, 392

and mines, 398

and optical and fire control devices, 334, 336, 339, 344, 417, 420

and proximity fuze, 363-64, 465, 473

and rockets, 228, 354, 357-58, 360, 411, 436, 443, 449-50

and shaped charge, 511

and special training ammunition, 428

National Inventors Council, 223, 231

National Machine Tool Builders Association, 56

National Metal Trades Association, 160

National Recovery Act, 42n

National Research Council of Canada, 267

National Research Council of World War I, 232

Navajo Ordnance Depot, 154

Naval Ordnance Laboratory. See Navy Department.

Navy Department, 3, 24-25, 42, 50, 65, 76n, 159, 345, 351, 407, 508-09. See also Bombs.

allocation of plants by, 55

Bureau of Ordnance, 443, 453, 467

and controlled underwater mines, 394-400

machine guns and mounts for, 404

Naval Ordnance Laboratory, 233

and proximity fuze, 363-65

and rockets, 354, 357-59, 436, 443-44, 446-48

and shaped charge, 370

and tank engines, 203

20-mm. gun (Hispano-Suiza), 434

40-mm. gun (Bofors), 408-09, 410n

Nebraska Ordnance Works, 464

Neoprene (GR-M). See Conservation of materials, rubber.

New Cumberland General Depot, 38

New Development Division, WDGS. See War Department General Staff.

New York Procurement District, 55, 105

New York Times, The, 278

Night lighting

battlefield floodlighting, 513-14

to facilitate night driving, 272, 513

for fire control instruments, 339

Ninth Air Force, 448

Normoyle Field, Texas, 503

Normoyle Ordnance Depot, 127, 144

North African Armored Fighting Vehicles Meetings, 270

North American Aviation Company, 441

Nye Committee, 53

–O–

Office, Chief of Ordnance-Detroit, 96, 108-13, 118, 502

Office of Civilian Defense, 147-48

Office of Production Management, 90, 477, 495

Office of Scientific Research and Development, 230

Ogden Arsenal. See Ogden Ordnance Depot.

Ogden Ordnance Depot, 38, 60-64, 81

Oils, 508-10. See also Preservative materials.

Onandaga Pottery Company, 384

Onthank, A. Heath, 156-57

Optical devices. See Fire control and tracking devices.

Optical glass, 334-35. See also Fire control and tracking devices.

Ordnance Board, 18, [.33 ]See also Ordnance Department Board.

Ordnance Book of Standards, 34

Ordnance Committee

and bazooka, 359

cooperation with British Ordnance Board, 268

establishment of, 33, 170n

functions of, 5, 33-34, 84, 205, 221-22, 517

and fuzes, 364, 410

and 90-mm. gun directors, 419

renamed Ordnance Technical Committee, 221n

and tank tracks, 303-04

Ordnance Corps. See Ordnance Department.

Ordnance Department

decentralization of. 100, 106-14, 118

during World War I, 20-29

effect of creation of ASF on. 4. 90-95, 114-20

history before World War I, 14-20

mission during World War II, 3-13

organization of, functional versus product, 113, 119

organization 1919-1939, 32-40

organization 1940-1942, 84-90, 95-114

organization 1943-1945, 114-20

other relations with Army Service Forces. See Army Service Forces.

renamed Ordnance Corps, 3

and transfer of Motor Transport Service from Quartermaster Corps, 100, 108, 110, 113, 127, 144, 152, 203-04, 481, 499, 501-02

–O–

Ordnance Department Board, 103, 116-17. See also Ordnance Board.

Ordnance Munitions Board, 37, 50

Ordnance Provision System, 38

Ordnance Replacement Training Centers. See Replacement Training Centers.

Ordnance Salvage Board, 60

Ordnance School, The. See Schools, Ordnance School (Aberdeen).

Ordnance Sergeant, The, 129

Ordnance Soldier’s Guide, 138

Ordnance Technical Committee. See Ordnance Committee.

Ordnance Technical Intelligence Units, 239, 273-74. See also Intelligence, technical.

Ordnance Training Center, The, 110. See also Training, military.

Ordnance Unit Training Centers. See Unit Training Centers.

Organization of Ordnance Department. See Ordnance Department.

Outland, Col. George W., 127-28, 135

–P–

Packaging materials and methods. See Preservative materials.

Paints, 507, 509-10. See also Preservative materials.

Panama Ordnance Depot, 38, 152

Paracrates, 321-22

Parkinson, D. B., 420

Parts Control Division, 100-103

Patents, 35, 219-20

Patterson, Robert P., 91, 93, 490

Patton, Lt. Gen. George S., Jr., 421

Pederson, John D., 175-76, 176n

Pennell, Col. Ralph McT., 169n

Penniman Ordnance Depot, 61

Periscopes. See Telescopes.

Perry, J. L.. 59

Pershing, General of the Armies John J., 25-26, 46

Personnel, civilian. See also Training, civilian.

conservation of manpower, 160-61

during World War I, 22, 22n

employee relations, 164-67

increase in, 1938-1945, 9, 84, 88, 152-53

influence of ASF on Ordnance personnel policies, 158-61

peak number in World War II, 9, 164

recruiting of, 153-55, 225-26

struggle with War Department for delegated authority, 156-58, 168

Personnel, military. See also Training, military.

during World War I, 22-23, 23n

1919-1939, 32, 39, 43-46, 121

1940-1945, 9, 84, 121-50

Pew, Walter C., 159

Philadelphia Procurement District, 36, 57, 105

Philippine Insurrection, 18

Philippine Ordnance Depot, 38, 152

Picatinny Arsenal, 19, 211

basic research in metallurgy and explosives at, 172-73, 218-19, 367-68

civilian personnel at, 158, 160, 162-63, 165

establishment of, 16

and land mines, 381-86

and photoflash bombs, 469

and rockets, 360

study of foreign weapons at, 352

Pistols, 17-18

Pittsburgh Procurement District, 57, 105, 160

Plant allocation system. See also Industrial mobilization plans.

effects of lend-lease on, 76

plant surveys by districts, 50, 55-56

Pomona Ordnance Depot, 144

Portage Ordnance Depot, 81

Powder. See Propellants.

Preservative materials, 6, 8, 505-07, 514

for automotive matériel, 509-10

oils, greases, and plastics, 508-10

painting and plating, 507, 509-10

Pressed Steel Car Company, 78, 318

Prime movers, 313. See also Half-tracks; Tractors; Trucks.

Priorities, 24-25, 25n, 50, 76, 76n

Prisoners of war, employment of at depots, 154

Procurement districts. See District offices.

Procurement planning. See Industrial mobilization plans; Industrial Service.

Production studies. See Industrial mobilization plans.

Projectiles

armor-piercing (AP), 371-72

armor-piercing-capped (APC), 372

canister, 370-71

chemical, 371

high-explosive, 175

high-explosive antitank (HEAT), 369-70

hypervelocity, 348-50, 427

hypervelocity armor-piercing (HVAP), 237, 372-73

for recoilless rifles, 352

redesign of shape of, 174-75, 370

sabot, 237, 349-50

shaped charge. See Shaped charge.

Westervelt Board recommendations on, 169-70

Propellants, 351-52. See also High explosives.

black powder, 18

development of, 1919-1940, 172-73

double-base powder, 173, 353-54

flashless, 173, 350-51

Mohaupt explosive, 212-13

powder storage problems, 172-73

for rockets, 353-55

smokeless powder, 18, 75, 173, 350

Protective mobilization plans. See Industrial mobilization plans.

Proving grounds, 87. See also Aberdeen Proving Ground; Erie Proving Ground; General Motors Proving Ground.

Public Works Administration (PWA), 31, 42n

Pullman-Standard Company, 78

Purveyor of Public Supplies, 14

Pyrotechnics, 468-70. See also Bombs.

–Q–

Quartermaster Corps, 120

Motor Transport Service, 100, 108, 110, 113, 127, 144, 152, 203-04, 481, 499, 501-02

and transfer of automotive schools to Ordnance, 100, 127, 144

Quinn, Col. Horace A., 269, 436

Quinton, Maj. Gen. Alfred B., Jr., 56, 79, 90, 98-99. 105

–R–

Raaen, Col. John C., 103, 112

Radford Ordnance Works, 162, 352

Range finders, 337-38, 419

Raritan Arsenal, 38, 61-62, 73, 122, 141, 144

Red River Ordnance Depot, 139, 144, 146

Reed, Col. C. Wingate, 117, 142

Reed, Col. Frank F., 270-71

Reimel, Brig. Gen. Stewart E., 111-12

Remington Arms Company, 430

Remote control devices. See Fire control and tracking devices.

Replacement Training Centers. See also Training, military.

Aberdeen, 100, 123-24, 131-39

Camp Santa Anita, California, 135, 144, 144n

Requirements, 6. See also Industrial mobilization plans.

Research advisory committees, 232

Research and Development Board, Department of National Defense, 231

Research and Development Board, Joint Army-Navy, 231

Research and Development Service, 6, 225. See also Technical Staff.

budgetary restrictions on, 1919-1940, 195, 204-08, 324-25

collaboration with Allied Nations, 267-74

determination of military characteristics and types of weapons by, 18, 21, 29, 256-59

establishment of, 85, 96, 98, 117

organization of, 1940-1945, 85, 96, 98, 117, 220-26, 448

relations with civilian agencies, 226-32

relations with military agencies, 232-39

relations with theaters of operations, 239

unresolved problems of, 511-17

Research Board for National Security, 231

Revolutionary War, 14

Revolvers, 17-18

Rheinmetall Company, 182

Richards, Maj. Gen. D. J. R., 390

Rifles, 3-4, 11, 14, 24, 229

bolt action, adoption of, 18

breech-loading, 17-18

Browning automatic (BAR), 74, 512-13

Enfield, 74-75

Garand, 58-59, 69, 175-77, 347, 483, 513

Krag-Jorgensen, 18

muzzle-loading, 17-18

Pedersen, development work by, 175-77

percussion musket, 17

recoilless, 229, 244, 322, 330-31, 338, 352

semiautomatic (M1). See Garand.

Springfield 1903, 18-19, 74, 177

tapered bore, 348-49

Robinson, Col. Clinton F., 91

Rockenhack, Brig. Gen. Samuel D., 195

Rockets, 223, 511. See also Guided missiles.

aircraft rockets and launchers, 436-39, 443-50

bazooka rockets and launchers, 213-14, 242n, 328-30, 338, 355-63, 369, 443

British cooperation in development of, 269, 357, 402, 411-12, 437, 443-44

cooperation of other agencies in development of, 228, 355-59, 411-12, 436, 443-50

exchange of information with USSR, 273

fuzes, 362-63, 445-46

German, 234, 437-38, 516

ground rockets and launchers, 244, 352, 402, 411, 413, 436, 445. See also bazooka rockets and launchers.

HVAR, 448-50

multiple launchers, 330

Ordnance conflict with NDRC over development of, 228

projectile design, 347, 352-53

propellants for, 353-55

Rocket Development Branch, 117, 448-49

SUNFLOWER SEED, 437

Rock Island Arsenal, 6-7, 16, 36, 38, 60, 107, 162-63, 187, 211, 322, 404

Röhm, Capt. Ernst, 247

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 4, 31, 48-49, 54, 58, 65, 69, 73, 78-79, 95, 218, 422

Rossford Ordnance Depot, 367

Royal Air Force, British, 453-54, 463, 470

Rubber. See Conservation of materials, rubber.

Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von, 366

Russell, Lt. Col. Everett P., 103

Russian matériel. See Soviet matériel.

Rust-preventive materials. See Preservative materials.

–S–

Safety programs at Ordnance installations, 161

Salvage Board, Ordnance Department, 60

San Antonio Arsenal, 38, 60, 127

Sandy Hook Ordnance Depot, 61

Savanna Ordnance Depot, 38, 60-64, 81, 127, 141

Sayler, Brig. Gen. Henry B., 236

Schedules of Production, 55-56

Schenectady General Depot, 38

Schools, 22-23, 87. See also Training, military.

automotive, 100, 127, 144

Bomb Disposal School, 147-49

Field Service School, 61, 122-23, 128

Officer Candidate School, 121, 127, 129-31

Ordnance School (Aberdeen), 100, 122-31

Ordnance Specialist School, Raritan Arsenal, 38, 122-23

Ordnance Specialist School, Watertown Arsenal, 122

Scientific Advisory Council, 226

Seacoast defense batteries, fire control for, 343-45

Secretary of War, 4, 16, 23, 53-54, 196, 207. 315

civilian personnel policies of, 156, 158-59

on conflict over design of and types of weapons, 21-22

and educational orders, 57-58, 58n

opposition to private munitions industry, 18-19, 19n

and Ordnance storage problem at end of World War I, 37, 60

and rearmament program of 1925, 46

on standardization versus search for ideal weapons, 177

Selective Service Act of 1940, 123-24, 131, 133, 149

Seleen, Lt. Col. Paul M., 77, 103-04

Self-propelled artillery, 12

airborne, 320-21, 411

development of, 1919-1940, 201, 203-04

Ordnance controversy with using services over value of, 203-04, 238-39, 314-17, 327

twin 40-mm. guns on M24 tank chassis, 410-11

Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170, 203

width and weight limitations imposed by Engineer Corps, 235

75-mm. gun on M24 tank chassis, 411

76-mm. tank destroyer M18, 320

90-mm. gun motor carriage M36, 327

Seneca Ordnance Depot, 144

Services of Supply, 4, 91n. See also Army Service Forces.

Seven Pines Ordnance Depot, 61

Seventh Air Force, 465

Shaped charge, 273, 328-29, 351, 353, 356-61, 368-70, 373, 511

and bombs, 467

Mohaupt and, 212-14, 357

Shoe plates, 314

Shortages of materials. See Conservation of materials.

Shugg, Brig. Gen. Roland P., 516

Sighting equipment for armored vehicles, 340-42. See

also Fire control and tracking devices.

Signal Corps, 21, 25, 180, 345n, 420

and binoculars, 336

conflict with Ordnance over development responsibility, 235

and electric directors, 420

and proximity fuzes, 465

Simon, Brig. Gen. Leslie E., 226. 517

Simpson, Brig. Gen. Bethel W., 135

Skid pans, 314

Skinner, Col. Leslie A., 355-57, 444

Slaughter, Col. W. R., 139

Small arms ammunition, 11, 75. See also Grenades;

Rockets; Small Arms Ammunition Suboffice.

armor-piercing, 405-07, 430-32, 438, 482-83

clad-steel bullet jackets, 429, 493-94

development of, 1919-1940, 172-75

incendiary, 273. 405-07, 430-32, 438

increased velocity of, 348-50

packaging of, 175. 507-08

shortage of tungsten for, 482-83

special training, 428-30

steel cartridge cases, 480. 488-89, 491-93

storage and renovation of, 39, 60, 62-64, 172-73

tracer, 405-07, 405n, 429-31

Small Arms Ammunition Suboffice, Industrial Service, 107

Small arms weapons, 3, 11, 74. See also Bazooka; Machine guns; Pistols; Revolvers; Rifles; Rockets.

Smith, Maj. Truman, 208, 211

Society of Automotive Engineers

and conservation of materials, 478. 485

Ordnance Advisory Committee, 232, 276

War Engineering Board, 265, 485, 509

Somers, Brig. Gen. Richard H., 88, 98-99, 454

Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B., 4, 145, 316, 516

conflict with General Burns, 95

and creation of ASF, effect on Ordnance, 91-94, 103-04, 119, 234

on decentralization within technical services, 108

and manpower conservation, 160

and tanks, 236, 296-97

and transfer of Motor Transport Service to Ordnance. 108

Soviet matériel. 514

Russo-German research collaboration, 249-50

study of, at Aberdeen Proving Ground, 273-74

tanks, 274, 281, 286, 515-16

45-mm. gun, 183-84, 252

75.2-mm. gun, 274

Spanish-American War, 18

Spanish Civil War, 178, 184. 193, 208, 211

Spare parts, 15, 19, 512

establishment of Parts Control Division, 98, 100-102

General Motors report on, 101-02

lack of, in World War I, 23

Spare Parts Board, 101-02

Sparta Ordnance Depot, 60-61

Special Armored Vehicle Board, 316

Special Observer Group, sent to London in 1941, 267-68

Speer, Albert, 256

Sperry Gyroscope Company, 162, 417-19

Springfield Armory

civilian employees at, 43, 160, 165-66

establishment of, 14

functions of, 6, 16, 36, 36n

and small arms weapons, 6, 16, 17n, 58-59, 59n, 175-76, 347, 422-23, 425, 439

storage of machine tools at, 60

study of enemy weapons by, 264

Springfield Procurement District, 105

Springfield Trade School, 366

Standard Nomenclature Lists, 9, 34, 38

Standardization of equipment, 17, 177-78, 202, 239-45, 516. See also Ordnance Committee.

Steese, Col. Charles M., 90, 99

Stevenson, Alexander R., 134n

St. Louis Procurement District, 105, 107

Stimson, Henry L., 234-35, 238

Storage. See also Depots; Field Service.

of ammunition, 39, 60-64, 172-73

of machine tools, 60-61

Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 429

Strategic raw materials. See Conservation of materials.

Stratemeyer, Maj. Gen. G. E., 445

Studler, Col. Rene R., 208, 210, 212, 242

Submachine guns. See Machine guns.

Submarine Mine Depot, Fort Monroe, Virginia, 233, 394, 396-400

Submarine mines. See Mines, controlled underwater.

Summerall, General Charles P., 192, 202

SUNFLOWER SEED, 437. See also Rockets.

Surveyor of Ordnance, 14

Swedish matériel, 408-10

Swiss matériel, 433

–T–

Tank-Automotive Center. See Office, Chief of Ordnance-Detroit.

Tank Board, 198

Tank Corps, 189-95, 199

Tank Destroyer Board, 335

Tank Destroyer Center. See Tank Destroyer Command.

Tank Destroyer Command, 238, 316

Tank destroyers, 237, 314-16, 320. See also Self-propelled artillery.

Tank engines, 197, 202-03, 287-90

Chrysler A-57 multi-bank, 293-96

Ford GAA, 298-301

gasoline versus diesel, 296-98

General Motors 6046 diesel, 291-93

Wright Continental R-975, 290-91

Tanks, 7, 74-76, 78, 205, 211-12, 275-76, 512. See also Tank engines.

AGF controversy with Ordnance over heavy tanks, 236-39, 269, 278-87, 512

airborne, 318-20. 513

amphibious, 270, 270n

Anglo-American Tank Commission, 189

British collaboration in design of, 268-69

Christie or convertible type, 199-200

comparison of American and German, 13, 212. 250-56, 278-87, 328, 514

conservation of materials in, 481-82, 484-85, 494

development program, 1919-1940, 194-203

doctrine and policy statements, 1919-1940, 189-94, 211, 236-39, 250-52, 257

fires in, causes of, 293

gyrostabilizers for, 342-43, 515

heavy, 195-96, 236-39, 269, 278-87, 512

light, 196-98

medium, 198-203, 236-39, 278-87

night lighting equipment for, 272, 513-14

sighting equipment for, 340-42

Soviet, 274, 281, 515-16

suspensions, 200. 304

trackless, 258

tracks for, 306-10, 512

United States Tank Committee, 269

width and weight limitations, 194-96, 235, 278

Tapered bore guns, 229, 328, 348-50

Technical Division, 98. See also Research and Development Service; Technical Staff.

Technical intelligence. See Intelligence, technical.

Technical Staff, 33-35, 84-85, 88, 209, 222-23. See also Research and Development Service.

Telescopes, 334-37, 340-42, 419

Tenth Air Force, 429

Theatres of operations

introduction of new weapons in, 243-44

Research and Development Service coordination with, 239

Tires

combat, 310-12, 501

high flotation, 312-13

rayon cord for, 504

repairing and recapping, 499

synthetic rubber, 498-505

tests of on Alaska Highway, 503

tests of at Camp Shilo, Manitoba, 503

for trucks. 502-05

Tizard Mission, 267, 363, 367, 420

Tobyhanna Ordnance Depot, 61

Toledo Ordnance Depot, 61

TORCH, 444

Tracking devices. See Fire control and tracking devices.

Tracks, 512

conservation of rubber in, 480, 499, 502

pins for, 308-10

profiles of, 304-06

steel versus rubber, 306-08

synthetic rubber, 502

wide tracks and extension devices, 301-04

Tractors, 60, 74

development of, 1919-1940, 203-04

for loading bombs at air bases, 63

low-speed commercial, 235

for towing artillery, 170, 172, 203-04, 276

Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170-72

Trailers, 60, 63, 481

Training, civilian, 9-10, 161-64. See also Personnel, civilian.

Training, military, 38-39, 149-50, 515. See also Replacement Training Centers; Schools; Unit Training Centers.

affiliated units, 10, 141-43, 146-47

bomb disposal, 147-49

at civilian trade schools and factory schools, 126-27

during World War I, 22-23, 23n

marksmanship, against high-speed targets, 146, 427-30

marksmanship, rifle, 135, 138, 145-46

Mobilization Training Programs, 132-34, 138-41

1920-1940, 221-25

officer candidate, 129-31

plans for in 1940, 123-24

replacement, 100, 124, 131-39

technical Ordnance training, 8-10, 124-29

transfer of automotive schools from Quartermaster, 100, 127, 144

unit, 100, 123-24, 139-47

Training Company, 40th, 123-25

Training Within Industry Service, 10, 163-65, 168

Transport vehicles, 275-77, 325. See also individual items by name.

“transportation Corps, 9

“Tremendous Trifles,” 478n

Trichel, Col. Gervais W., 260, 269, 448-49

Tripp, Col. Guy E., 27, 57-58

Trucks, 3-4, 11, 23, 60, 275-78, 325, 512. See also Flotation; Tires.

airborne, 322-23

for bomb loading at air bases, 63

conservation of steel in, 480-81, 484, 487

DUKW, 227-28, 227n, 312-13

for towing artillery, 203-04

transfer of Motor Transport Service from Quartermaster, 100, 108, 110, 113, 127, 144, 152, 203-04, 481, 499, 501-02

Westervelt Board recommendations on, 170-72

Tschappat, Maj. Gen. William H., 40, 206-07, 231

Tullytown Ordnance Depot, 61

Tuve, Merle A., 363

Twin Cities Ordnance Plant, 492

–U–

Uhl, 2nd Lt. Edward G., 269, 357-58

Umatilla Ordnance Depot, 81

Under Secretary of War, 4, 77-78, 90-91, 93

and conservation of materials, 477, 479, 489-90, 495

and Ordnance unit training, 145

and tank tracks, 307

Unit Training Centers

Aberdeen, 100, 124, 140-41, 146

Atlanta, 144, 146

Camp Perry, 139, 144-45

Holabird, 144

Mississippi (Flora), 139, 144

Pomona, 144

Raritan, 139, 141, 144

Red River, 144, 146

Santa Anita, 135, 144, 144n

Savannah, 127, 140-41

United Shoe Machinery Company, 414, 436

United States Employment Service, 153

United States Steel Corporation, 73

United States Steel Export Company, 75

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 472

United States Tank Committee, 269

University of Pennsylvania, 226

USSR matériel. See Soviet matériel.

–V–

Veblen, Oswald, 226

Visual training aids, 128-29, 132, 145

–W–

Wadsworth, Col. Decius, 15, 17

Wagner, Col. Herman U., 140

Wallace, Henry A., 490

War Council, 26

War Department, 24. See also War Department General Staff.

Civilian Personnel Division, 156-59, 168

Orders “M,” 158-59, 168

Orders “N,” 157-58

reorganization of 1920, effect on Ordnance, 32

reorganization of 1942, effect on Ordnance, 4, 90-95

Special Observer Group, 261

War Department General Staff, 6, 37, 46, 77-78, 514. See also Chief of Staff; General Staff College.

and airborne tank, 318

and budgetary restrictions on Ordnance research, 204-08

and depots, 63-64, 80-82

direction of Ordnance activities, extent of, 4-6, 91

and expenditures and appropriations, 48, 67, 205

and guided missiles, 234

mobilization planning by, 47-48, 51, 53-54

New Development Division, 233-34, 243-44

on standardization versus search for ideal weapon, 177-78

tank doctrine and policy, 1919-1940, 189-94, 198, 256-57

and tank engines, 296-98

and technical intelligence reports on enemy equipment, 208, 214-15, 239, 260-63, 266-68

and training, 123-124, 133-34, 139, 141

on 37-mm. antitank gun, 184

on 105-mm. howitzer, 186-87

War of 1812, 16

War Industries Board, 25

War Manpower Commission, 153. See also Training Within Industry Service.

War Policies Commission, 52

War Production Board, 6, 477, 483, 504

War reserves. See Industrial mobilization plans.

War Resources Board, 65

War Supplies Limited, 269

Washington Post, The, 278

Watertown Arsenal

artillery development at, 180, 407

limited funds for, 42

metallurgical research by, 218-19, 264, 377, 476, 482-83

mission of, 6, 16

Watervliet Arsenal

history of, 1919-1940, 36, 42-43

labor shortage during World War II, 154

mission of, 6, 16

and 20-mm. gun (Hispano Suiza), 434

and 37-mm. gun, 407

Webster, David L., 226

Weeks, John W., 43, 50n, 57

Wesson, Maj. Gen. Charles M., 54, 69, 104, 207

appointment as Chief of Ordnance, 40

and civilian personnel policies, 156-58

eleven o’clock conferences of, 87

and lend-lease, 73

succeeded by General Campbell, 95

views on training, 123, 125, 133, 142

Washington staff of, 84-85, 87-88, 100-101, 220, 222

Westervelt, Brig. Gen. William I., 43, 43n, 169-72, 169n, 170n. See also Westervelt Board.

Westervelt Board, 28, 40, 169-73, 175, 178, 180, 182, 186, 188-89, 191-92, 203-05, 221-22, 325-26, 516

White, Col. Herbert, 103

Whitlock, George E., 478n

Whitney, Eli, 15

Wilcox Act, 63

Willard, Arthur C., 134n

Williams, Col. Allison R., 390, 394

Williams. Brig. Gen. Clarence C., 26, 29, 32, 40, 43-44, 46, 175, 185, 208, 221, 230-31

Wilson, Col. W. I., 140

Winchester Repeating Arms Company, 58, 59n

Wingate Ordnance Depot, 38, 61, 81, 90, 154

Woodbury Ordnance Depot, 61

Woodring, Harry H., 53

Woods Company, S. A., 58

Works Progress Administration (WPA), 31

World War I, 11, 11n, 20-29, 32, 51, 57, 61, 125

Wright Field. See Army Air Forces, Matériel Command.

Wurlitzer, Rudolph, Company, 399

–Y–

York Safe and Lock Company, 392

–Z–

Zornig, Cal. Hermann, 226, 260, 269